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Krakatoa Volcano & Pinisi Sailboat 100 Rupiah Indonesia Authentic Banknote Money for Jewelry and Collage (Garuda) (Volcanic Winter)

Krakatoa Volcano & Pinisi Sailboat 100 Rupiah Indonesia Authentic Banknote Money for Jewelry and Collage (Garuda) (Volcanic Winter)

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Krakatoa Volcano & Pinisi Sailboat 100 Rupiah Indonesia Authentic Banknote Money for Jewelry and Collage (Garuda) (Volcanic Winter)

Reverse: Eruption from volcano island Anak Krakatau at the right. Anak Krakatau (in English: "Child of Krakatau") is a volcanic island in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. On December 29, 1927, Anak Krakatau emerged from the caldera formed in 1883 by the explosive volcanic eruption that destroyed the island of Krakatau.
Lettering: 100   BANK INDONESIA
ANAK GUNUNG KRAKATAU
Barangsiapa meniru, memalsukan uang kertas dan atau
dengan sengaja menyimpan serta mengedarkan uang kertas tiruan
atau uang kertas palsu diancam dengan hukuman penjara
Translation: 100 Bank Indonesia
Anak Krakatau Volcano
Whoever copied, counterfeited and/or intentionally storing and circulating copied banknotes or counterfeited banknotes are threatened with imprisonment

Obverse: Sailboat (Pinisi) at the left. The Pinisi is a traditional Indonesian two-masted sailing ship. It is still widely used today for fishing and merchant transport.
Also, the national emplem Garuda Pancasila
Lettering: 100   BANK INDONESIA
         1992
       DIREKSI
      (signature)
      GUBERNUR
      (signature)
      DIREKTUR
        SERATUS
         RUPIAH
PERAHU PINISI  100
PERUM PERCETAKAN UANG RI IMP. 2000
Translation: Bank of Indonesia
Board of Directors
Governor
Director
Hundred
Rupiah
Pinisi boat

Watermark: Ki Hajar Dewantoro

Features
Issuer Indonesia
Period Republic (1950-date)
Type Standard banknote
Years 1992-2000
Value 100 Rupiah (100 IDR)
Currency Rupiah (1965-date)
Composition Paper
Size 135 × 67 mm
Shape Rectangular
Demonetized Yes
Number N# 206625
References P# 127

Wikipedia:
The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa (Indonesian: Letusan Krakatau 1883) in the Sunda Strait began on 20 May 1883 and peaked on the late morning of Monday, 27 August 1883, when over 70% of the island of Krakatoa and its surrounding archipelago were destroyed as it collapsed into a caldera.

The eruption was one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history and explosions were so violent that they were heard 3,110 kilometres (1,930 mi) away in Perth, Western Australia, and Rodrigues near Mauritius, 4,800 kilometres (3,000 mi) away. The sound was claimed to be heard in 50 different locations around the world and the sound wave is recorded to have travelled the globe seven times over. At least 36,417 deaths are attributed to the eruption and the tsunamis it created.

Significant additional effects were also felt around the world in the days and weeks after the volcano's eruption. Additional seismic activity was reported until February 1884, but any reports after October 1883 were later dismissed by Rogier Verbeek's investigation into the eruption.

Global climate
The eruption caused a volcanic winter. In the year following the eruption, average Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures fell by 0.4 °C (0.72 °F). The record rainfall that hit Southern California during the water year from July 1883 to June 1884 – Los Angeles received 970 millimetres (38.18 in) and San Diego 660 millimetres (25.97 in)[18] – has been attributed to the Krakatoa eruption.

The eruption injected an unusually large amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) gas high into the stratosphere, which was subsequently transported by high-level winds all over the planet. This led to a global increase in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration in high-level cirrus clouds. The resulting increase in cloud reflectivity (or albedo) reflected more incoming light from the sun than usual, and cooled the entire planet until the sulfur fell to the ground as acid precipitation.

Global optical effects
The 1883 Krakatoa eruption darkened the sky worldwide for years afterwards and produced spectacular sunsets throughout the world for many months. British artist William Ashcroft made thousands of colour sketches of the red sunsets halfway around the world from Krakatoa in the years after the eruption. The ash caused "such vivid red sunsets that fire engines were called out in New York, Poughkeepsie, and New Haven to quench the apparent conflagration." This eruption also produced a Bishop's Ring around the sun by day, and a volcanic purple light at twilight. In 2004, an astronomer proposed the idea that the red sky shown in Edvard Munch's 1893 painting The Scream is also an accurate depiction of the sky over Norway after the eruption.

Weather watchers of the time tracked and mapped the effects on the sky. They labelled the phenomenon the "equatorial smoke stream". This was the first identification of what is known today as the jet stream. For several years following the eruption, it was reported that the moon appeared to be blue and sometimes green. This was because some of the ash clouds were filled with particles about 1 μm wide – the right size to strongly scatter red light, while allowing other colours to pass. White moonbeams shining through the clouds emerged blue, and sometimes green. People also saw lavender suns and, for the first time, recorded noctilucent clouds.

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WIkipedia:
Literally, the word pinisi refers to a type of rigging (the configuration of masts, sails and ropes (‘lines’)) of Indonesian sailing vessels. A pinisi carries seven to eight sails on two masts, arranged like a gaff-ketch with what is called 'standing gaffs' - i.e., unlike most Western ships using such a rig, the two main sails are not opened by raising the spars they are attached to, but the sails are 'pulled out' like curtains along the gaffs which are fixed at around the centre of the masts.

As is the case with many Indonesia sailing craft, the word 'pinisi' thus names only a type of rig, and does not describe the shape of the hull of a vessel that uses such sails.

Pinisi-rigged ships were mainly built by the Konjo-speaking people of Ara, a village in the district of Bontobahari, Bulukumba regency, South Sulawesi, and widely used by Buginese and Makassarese seafarers as a cargo vessel. In the years before the eventual disappearance of wind-powered transport in course of the motorization of Indonesia's traditional trading fleet in the 1970/80s, vessels using a pinisi rig were the largest Indonesian sailing ships.

Today, the word 'pinisi' is, often rather indiscriminately, used to name most types of wooden ships of Indonesia. The popular spelling 'phinisi' was an attempt to mimic the Indonesia pronunciation of the word, /pi:nisi/, first used to name Phinisi Nusantara, a motorized traditional vessel with such a rig that in 1986 was sailed from Indonesia to Expo 86 in Vancouver, Canada.

Being the best-known Indonesian sailing-vessel, 'pinisi' became the tagline for the 2017 inscription of ''The Art of Boatbuilding in South Sulawesi'' in the UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

*********

Wikipedia:
Raden Mas Soewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); from 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also written as Ki Hajar Dewantoro to reflect its Javanese sounds (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian independence movement activist, writer, columnist, politician, and pioneer of education for native Indonesians in Dutch colonial times. He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that provided education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to the Javanese aristocracy and the Dutch colonials.

He was honored as a National Hero of Indonesia by Indonesia's first president, Sukarno, on November 28, 1959.

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Wikipedia:
The front of the coin bears the national emblem of Indonesia (Garuda Pancasila) with the date of mintage above the issuer name below. Garuda (Sanskrit: गरुड Garuḍa; Pāli: गरुळ Garuḷa) is a legendary bird or bird-like creature in Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faith. He is variously the vehicle mount (vahana) of the Hindu god Vishnu, a dharma-protector and Astasena in Buddhism, and the Yaksha of the Jain Tirthankara Shantinatha.

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Shannon Smith
Very good quality! Happy to have this in m...

Very good quality! Happy to have this in my collection now!

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Jackie M
5 stars review from Jackie

5 stars review from Jackie

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C.C.
5 stars review from Catherine

5 stars review from Catherine