Scythe Woman 5 Dinara Yugoslavia Authentic Banknote Money for Jewelry and Craft Making (Farmer with Sickle) (1968)

Scythe Woman 5 Dinara Yugoslavia Authentic Banknote Money for Jewelry and Craft Making (Farmer with Sickle) (1968)

Obverse: Farm Woman with scythe

Reverse: Lettering -- 5 Dinara. Signatures of bank and government officials.

Features
Issuer Yugoslavia
Period Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1963-1992)
Type Standard banknote
Year 1968
Value 5 Dinara (5 YUD)
Currency Hard dinar (1966-1989)
Composition Paper
Size 123 × 58 mm
Shape Rectangular
Demonetized 1 October 1988
Number N# 208290
References P# 81

The Woman in the Rural and Agrarian Development of Yugoslavia
Source: https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/176336

An increasingly acute problem in Yugoslavia's social and agrarian policy is changing the social and economic position of the farm woman, with the object of her achieving complete equality with other society members. New relations in the agroindustrial complex are an impulse for the faster solution of problems concerning changes in the position of the woman in the village and in the private sector of agriculture. One of the goals of the developmental policy is improving the socio-economic position of the woman. This can be carried out successfully only through the common activity of all social factors, i.e. as part of an integral program of social and material progress of the whole country. Taking this line of approach as a starting point, the author goes on to discuss the legal, constitutional and other solutions that can serve as an institutional basis for changes in the rural and farm woman’s position. She refers to the Constitution of the SFRY (1974) and the Associated Labour Act (1976), and also to some special acts (on agrarian relations, farm land, retirement pensions for private farmers etc.). The constitutional and legal principles for solving the so-called peasant question are to ensure appropriate life conditions for working people in the village, i.e. to enable farmers of both sexes to change their position on the basis of an increase in work and the productivity of their personal labour using privately owned means of production, and on the basis of cooperation with a cooperative or other organization of associated labour in the agroindustrial complex. That process of development also includes a new social evaluation for the work of the farm woman, who realizes her rights on the basis of her own productive (and socially measurable) labour, and not on the basis of private ownership of the means of production (as a rule, the owner is the man). The author goes on to analyze statistical indicators showing changes in the participation of women in the total agricultural population according to censuses from 1953, 1961 and 1971, and changes in the participation of the female labour force in the agricultural working force of both sectors of agriculture. It can be seen that the labour force on family farms is feminized. That process had been progressing, but has more recently become stagnant — today women are engaged more on a temporary than on a permanent basis as a labour force on the family farm. This indicates the beginning of the defeminization of the working force in privately owned agriculture, i.e. a trend towards the greater employment of women outside the family farm. In connection with this the author discusses the educational level of village and farm women, and especially the educational demands set before them by the policy of development (of agriculture and the economy in general) — a phenomenon that has almost not been studied at all in Yugoslavia, i.e. that is persistently evaded in discussions on plans of development. In conclusion the author indicates some partial efforts that were made to accelerate not only the working (production), but also the active self-management inclusion of the village and farm woman is an outstanding example of the fact that the woman's economic emancipation does not necessarily include her social and human emancipation. Although women are the main working force in agriculture, their participation in self-management and the delegate structure of the socialized sector are symbolic, and on family farms the man continues to decide about production, marketing and greater production investments (sometimes discussing these questions with the woman). The basic course of the agrarian policy in Yugoslavia — the socialization of food production, cannot be realized without a different evaluation of the place and role of the farm woman, as the main food producer. Thus the agrarian policy realization program can never be completely based on self-management relations if all the questions from the life and work of the farm woman are not included as one of its integral parts.

Ključne riječi
https://hrcak.srce.hr/119330